Designing of Six Wheel Robotic Vehicle for Instant Disinfection and Sanitization

In today's global pandemic situation, as countries implement restrictions in an effort to reduce the number of persons infected with COVID-19, many people are attempting to make significant modifications to their everyday routines. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a severe loss of human life, especially among frontline workers, who are mostly those who operate in the sanitization and disinfection profession. The main objective of this paper is to develop a unmanned vehicle for instant disinfection and sanitize an area using a 6 WD Robot with achieving the proper and most important aim of unmanned operation using the vehicle with the help of 2.4 Ghz Radio link which provides the system or vehicle the flexibility of going anywhere covering a large distance without humans directly getting affected. It uses the functions of UV rays for the complete disinfection with the mixture, Using UV Lights and ethanol IP (95% v/v) - 62.00% w/w equivalent to 84.24% v/v∗ absolute alcohol denatured with isopropyl alcohol 3.1% Disinfect the area by simultaneously spraying and flashing the light used for complete eradication of Virus and sanitization of the places. This unmanned vehicle is developed for a 6WD vehicle based on the terrain and atmosphere. Need to design the appropriate body/frame, spray mechanism, payload tank, and atomizer for the 6WD vehicle. In terms of hygiene, it will have a significant influence since spots that are too tiny for humans to get will be accessible with the help of this machine. © 2022 IEEE.

Efficacy of add-on Ayurveda and Yoga intervention in health care workers of tertiary care hospital during COVID-19: Randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and prophylactic efficacy of add-on Comprehensive Ayurveda and mindfulness-based Yoga (CAY) regimen to standard care among HealthCare Workers (HCWs) against COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective single-blind (outcome assessor-blinded) RCT was conducted in tertiary care hospital in Delhi during July 2020-April 2021. HCWs of both sexes were randomized to add-on CAY intervention or control group. The primary outcomes were the incidence of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases and influenza-like illness events (ILI). Secondary outcomes were anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and quality of life (SF-36) at the end of 12 weeks. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-six participants (181 in intervention and 175 in the control group) were randomized. With the modified intention to treat approach, we analyzed 309 participants. The mean age for the intervention and control group was 39.3 ± 10.1 and 36.6 ± 10 years, respectively. Incidence of COVID-19 event was higher in control group compared to CAY group (16 of 164 [9.8%] vs. 11 of 145 [7.6%]; P = 0.50). The incidence of ILI events was also higher in the control group as compared to the CAY group (14 of 164 [8.5%] vs 9 of 145 [6.2%]). The health change domain of the SF-36 questionnaire showed statistically significant improvement in the CAY group as compared to the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Incidence of COVID-19 and ILI events was lower in the CAY group compared with the contr ol group, though the difference is not statistically significant.

Analysis of epidemic spread dynamics using a PDE model and COVID-19 data from Hamilton County OH USA

We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of an epidemic spread using a compartmentalized PDE model. The model is validated using COVID-19 data from Hamilton County, Ohio, USA. The model parameters are estimated using a month of recorded data and then used to forecast the infection spread over the next ten days. The model is able to accurately estimate the key dynamic characteristics of COVID-19 spread in the county. Additionally, a stability analysis indicates that the model is robust to disturbances and perturbations which, for instance, could be used to represent the effects of super spreader events. We also use the modeling framework to analyse and discuss the impact of Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for mitigation of infection. Our results suggest that such models can yield useful short and medium term predictive characterization of an epidemic spread in a restricted geographical region and also help formulate effective NPIs for mitigation. The results also signify the importance of further research into the accurate analytical representation of specific NPIs and hence their dampening effects on an infection spread. Copyright © 2021 The Authors.

Outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children temporally related to COVID-19: A longitudinal study

Introduction: The spectrum of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children is expanding since the global emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic from early reports in January 2020 depicting respiratory distress to a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) within various pediatric clusters. There is a paucity of data from resource-poor countries with respect to follow-up outcomes, particularly for coronary artery abnormalities. Considering this, we conducted a single centre prospective longitudinal study to describe the clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic findings and follow-up of children with MIS-C. Objectives: To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19. Methods: All children meeting the WHO case definition of MIS-C were prospectively enrolled. Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Enrolled subjects were followed up for 4-6 weeks for evaluation of cardiac outcomes using echocardiography. The statistical data were analyzed using the SPSS version 12 software. Results: 31 children with MIS-C were enrolled in an eleven-month period. Twelve children had preexisting chronic systemic comorbidity. Fever was a universal finding;gastrointestinal and respiratory manifestations were noted in 70.9% and 64.3%, respectively, while 57.1% had a skin rash. Fifty-eight % of children presented with shock, and 22.5% required mechanical ventilation. The median (IQR) duration of hospital stay was 9 (6.5-18.5) days. Four children with preexisting comorbidities succumbed to the illness. The serum ferritin levels (ng/ml) [median (IQR)] were significantly higher in nonsurvivors as compared to survivors [1061 (581,2750) vs 309.5 (140,720.08), p value=0.045] (table 1). Six children had coronary artery involvement: 5 recovered during follow-up, while one was still admitted. Twenty-six children received immunomodulatory drugs, and five improved without immunomodulation. The choice of immunomodulation (steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin) did not affect the outcome (table 1). Conclusion: Most children with MIS-C present with acute hemodynamic and respiratory symptoms. The outcome is favourable in children without preexisting comorbidities. Raised ferritin level may be a poor prognostic marker. The coronary outcomes on followup were reassuring.

Consumer Buying Behaviour During COVID-19

A pandemic like COVID-19 that has the capacity to turn any economy upside down will always have a significant influence on the social Behavior and habits of population all over the world. COVID-19 pandemic is a historic challenge for any economy to overcome as they have no prior preparation. Lack of testing kits, insufficient ventilators and community spread has forced countries to impose indefinite shutdown that has made major markets to suffer. The goal of this paper is to study the buying behavior of consumers during covid-19. This paper also focuses on the factors that influence consumer’s behavior and perceptions during the pandemic. A quantitative view has been adopted to achieve the objectives of the study. With limited online buying options and higher risk of getting infected with brick & mortar shopping, it is important to understand consumer buying Behavior that can help policy makers, manufacturers, and companies to better deal with similar crisis in the future. © 2021

A phase 2/3, participant-blind, observer-blind, randomised, controlled study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVID-19 vaccine) in adults in India.

BACKGROUND: This phase 2/3 immunobridging study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Coronavirus Vaccine (Recombinant) (SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), manufactured in India at the Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd (SIIPL), following technology transfer from the AstraZeneca. METHODS: This participant-blind, observer-blind study randomised participants 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) (immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort) and 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or placebo (safety cohort). The study participants were enrolled from 14 hospitals across India between August 25 and October 31, 2020. Two doses of study products were given 4 weeks apart. The primary objectives were to demonstrate non-inferiority of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 to AZD1222 in terms of geometric mean titre (GMT) ratio of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies 28 days after the second dose (defined as lower limit of 95% CI >0·67) and to determine the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) causally related to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. The anti-spike IgG response was assessed using a multiplexed electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay. Safety follow-up continued until 6 months after first dose. Trial registration: CTRI/2020/08/027170. FINDINGS: 1601 participants were enrolled: 401 to the immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort and 1200 to the safety cohort. After two doses, seroconversion rates for anti-spike IgG antibodies were more than 98·0% in both the groups. SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was non-inferior to AZD1222 (GMT ratio 0·98; 95% CI 0·78-1·23). SAEs were reported in ≤ 2·0% participants across the three groups; none were causally related. A total of 34 SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported; of which 6 occurred more than 2 weeks after the second dose; none were severe. INTERPRETATION: SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has a non-inferior immune response compared to AZD1222 and an acceptable safety/reactogenicity profile. Pharmacovigilance should be maintained to detect any safety signals. FUNDING: SIIPL funded the contract research organisation and laboratory costs, while the site costs were funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research. The study vaccines were supplied by SIIPL and AstraZeneca.

Safety, benefits, and efficacy of a virtual clinic for assessment of patients referred for endoscopy: A retrospective audit

Background and Aim: For an outpatient endoscopy assessment clinic for patients referred by general practitioners or other specialists for consideration of endoscopy, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated a move from face-to-face to a virtual format, including telehealth and telephone models. We aimed to assess if the telephone and telehealth models were safe and effective alternatives to face-to-face clinics. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective audit of electronic medical records between June and August 2019 and June and August 2020. Outcomes measured included clinic failure-to-attend rates, procedural referral rates, anesthetic referral rates, anesthetic and procedural complication rates, periprocedural medication errors, procedural cancelations, unplanned post-procedural admissions, re-do procedure rates, and adequacy of bowel preparation. Statistical analysis was completed using the chi-squared test of independence, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test, with P < 0.05 deemed significant. Results: A total of 883 patients had 444 face-to-face, 241 telephone, and 198 telehealth appointments. There were no significant differences between clinic models for any of the outcomes measured (Table 1). Conclusion: Virtual endoscopy assessment clinics appear to be a safe and effective alternative to face-to-face clinics and are an effective strategy to deliver outpatient gastroenterology services safely during a global pandemic.

Prognostication of Covid-19 and Heart Disease: A Combined Approach

COVID-19 infection, caused by the virus SARS-Cov 2 is growing at a rapid rate. As an efficient cure has not been available, early detection is integral for disease cure and control. Predictive algorithms are useful in this scenario. Here, estimation is performed on patients who are likely to come in contact with COVID-19 disease, using clinical predictive models with the help of deep learning. The most informative features are extracted from chest X-ray images for COVID-19 patients and non COVID-19 patients. These images are used for COVID detection. Patients with other chronic diseases are more vulnerable to COVID-19. Hence, we put forward a Heart Disease Prediction system based on machine learning algorithms. The feature selection algorithms are utilized in the feature selection procedures for enhancing the classification accuracy and for minimizing the execution time of the classification system. © 2021 IEEE.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goals: What We Learn from the Past and Where We Are Heading?

Recently, the world is witnessing a severe global health issue owing to the COVID 19 pandemic, initially encountered in the city of Wuhan in Hubei province in China. It spread rapidly, so does the fatality ratio. This pandemic has jeopardized the sustainable development goals at large. Still, the future is uncertain-the current study aimed at two objectives. The first is to review the past literature on the coronavirus family to map our current understanding of its epidemic outbarks and overview its social, environmental, and economic impact. The second stream of literature focused on classifying the best possible solutions under different scenarios due to the current situation. Finally, to provide future agenda for policymakers to restrain the sustainable development goals. We used Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases for the systematic literature review process. We followed a strict screening process recommended in the PRISMA guidelines for the screening and quality assessment of systematic literature review. The final 51 studies are included for the systematic literature review. A systematic review of the past literature identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS), bovine Coronavirus, canine Coronavirus, and feline Coronavirus are the significant classifications of the Coronavirus family discuss in the literature. We highlighted the potential pitfalls in the past literature, mainly serious scarce collaborative and multidisciplinary research on the pandemic, although several researchers highlighted the issue. Findings of the current study indicate that most research is in a lab setting and experimental design. For sustainable development, there is a need to start collaborative work among the nations. We provided a framework for a pandemic strategic response plan through multidisciplinary research to mitigate the impact of the recent COVID-19 pandemic and to be prepared for future episodes. The future of the world after the 2019-COVID is more challenging and vital for humanity in terms of business, economic and social perspective. Social structures will change the current situation is showing based on literature and reports. The economic recession will be prolonged if the researchers cannot find the solution for the Coronavirus.

Burnt area detection using sar data - A case study of may, 2020 uttarakand forest fire

Uttarakand constitutes 5.43% of Indian Forest cover with extremely and highly fire prone forest areas. The objective of this study is to assess the recent occurrence of forest fires in Uttarakand and to map the burnt areas with Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and validate it with the Sentinel-2 as CoVID-19 hindered the field assessment and ground truth validation. The data is processed in Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and mapped with ArcGIS. Cross-validated with optical indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index NDWI, Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and the firsthand information from Forest Survey of India (FSI) for an area of 10. 83sq.Km, the results are summarized. © 2020 IEEE.

A short review on antibody therapy for COVID-19.

The beginning of the novel SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus in Wuhan, China, has triggered a worldwide respiratory disease outbreak (COVID-19). By April 07, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 1.36 million people worldwide and caused more than 75,900 deaths. To date, the anti-malaria drug hydroxychloroquine found to be a treatment option for SARS-CoV-2. In addition to supportive treatment, such as oxygen supply in moderate cases and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill patients, unique medications for this condition are also under investigation. Here we reviewed the antibody therapy might be an immediate strategy for emergency prophylaxis and SARS-CoV-2 therapy.